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The International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games (or IWAS World Games) are a multi-sport competition for athletes with a disability, which under the former name of the International Stoke Mandeville Games were the forerunner of the Paralympic Games. The competition has been formerly known as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, the Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games, the Stoke Mandeville Games, the World Wheelchair Games, and in the 1960s and 1970s was often referred to as the Wheelchair Olympics. The Games were originally held in 1948 by neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who organized a sporting competition involving World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital rehabilitation facility in Stoke Mandeville, England, taking place concurrently with the first post-war Summer Olympics in London. In 1952, the Netherlands joined in the event, creating the first international sports competition for the disabled. In 1960, the Ninth Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome, Italy, following that year's Olympic Games. These are considered to be the first Paralympic Games. The 2012 Paralympic mascot Mandeville was named after Stoke Mandeville.〔(BBC Wenlock and Mandeville )〕 While the Paralympic Games evolved to include athletes from all disability groups, the Stoke Mandeville games continued to be organized as a multi-sport event for wheelchair athletes. Games were held annually in Stoke Mandeville under the direction of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), which became the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF). In 1999, the World Wheelchair Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2003, the Games were again held in Christchurch, and combined with a competition for amputee athletes organized by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled. In 2004, ISMWSF and ISOD merged to create the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). The first games held under the name IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games were held in 2005 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The second IWAS Games were held in 2007 in Chinese Taipei and the third IWAS games were held in Bangalore, India in November 2009. == Games by year (incomplete) == *1948: Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed 〔(Paralympics: Where Heroes Come ), by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010〕 July 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors〔(Remembering Paralympics past ), BBC, July 15, 2008〕 (14 men, 2 women〔(Canada Remembers – Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games – Canadian Soldier – Olympians – The Paralympic Games), Veteran Affairs Canada )〕) *1949–1951: Stoke Mandeville Games *1952:Stoke Mandeville, England – First International Stoke Mandeville Games〔(Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball ), International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)〕 A Dutch team participated, making it an international event〔 *1953–1959: International Stoke Mandeville Games (2nd–8th) *1960: 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, Rome, Italy – later known as the 1st Paralympic Games〔(Rome 1960 ), International Paralympic Committee (IPC)〕 *1961–1963: International Stoke Mandeville Games (10th–12th) *1964: 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed, Tokyo, Japan – later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games〔(The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed ), dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999〕 *1965–1967: International Stoke Mandeville Games (14th–16th) *1968: 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games, Tel Aviv, Israel 〔(Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 ), International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)〕 – later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games *1969–1972: International Stoke Mandeville Games (18th–20th) *1972: 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games,Heidelberg, Germany – later known as the 4th Paralympic Games〔(21st Wheelchair Olympics ), by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search〕〔 *1973–1975: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1976: None (5th Paralympic Year) *1977–1979: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1980: None (6th Paralympic Year) *1981–1983: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1984: None (7th Paralympic Year) *1985–1987: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1988: None (8th Paralympic Year) *1989–1991: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1992: None (9th Paralympic Year) *1993–1995: International Stoke Mandeville Games *1996: None (10th Paralympic Year) *1997–2000 – World Wheelchair Games *2000: None (11th Paralympic Year) *2001–2003: World Wheelchair Games〔(2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003 ), Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association〕 *2004: None (12th Paralympic Year) *2005: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games〔(2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games ), cwsa.ca〕 – Rio de Janeiro, . Over 700 athletes from 44 nations. Five events: track and field, table tennis, archery, shooting, and billiards.〔(21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games ), gio.gov.tw〕 *2006 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, Bangalore, *2007: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Taipei〔(Singapore wins 14 medals at World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2007 ), sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007〕 *2008: None (13th Paralympic Year) *2009: IWAS World Games – Bangalore, , 〔, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009 〕 *2011: IWAS World Games – Sharjah, – 1–10 December 2011〔(IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games ), International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011〕 *2012: None (14th Paralympic Year) *2013: IWAS World Games, Stadskanaal, *2015: IWAS World Games, Sochi, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「IWAS World Games」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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